⚠️ Someone who is "snoring" heavily and cannot be woken is not asleep. That is an emergency.

Call 112 now
⚠️ Official warnings

Red Alert: counterfeit oxycodone containing nitazenes

In March 2025 the Trimbos Institute issued a Red Alert after someone in the Netherlands died with counterfeit oxycodone tablets in their possession. Analysis by the Netherlands Forensic Institute showed: no oxycodone, but a nitazene. This page sets out what was found, what the status is now, and what to do about it.

Last confirmed: 8 April 2026 · warning still relevant

This is not old news. The warning still stands.

The acute Red Alert dates from March 2025, but this is not a closed incident. Since late 2024 the Netherlands Forensic Institute has investigated six deaths and four severe poisonings linked to a nitazene, in almost all cases via counterfeit oxycodone. On 8 April 2026 the Trimbos Institute confirmed the warning is still relevant.

The message has not changed in all that time: do not use oxycodone bought online.

What happened

The timeline

Every step below can be traced to the Trimbos Institute, the Dutch Poisons Information Centre or the government. The links are at the bottom of this page.

Mid-March 2025

Someone dies in the Netherlands

Counterfeit 80 mg oxycodone tablets are found with the deceased. The pills had been bought online as pain medication, without a prescription. Trimbos refers in its 18 March report to "last Friday".

18 March 2025

Trimbos issues a Red Alert

Analysis by the Netherlands Forensic Institute shows the pills contain the nitazene isotonitazepyne and no oxycodone. The DIMS monitoring system had earlier found protonitazene in another counterfeit oxycodone pill, also bought online.

7 May 2025

Update: still circulating

Trimbos reports that counterfeit oxycodone tablets containing nitazenes are still being offered in the Netherlands, online and through dealers. The message remains: do not use oxycodone bought online.

September 2025

Government places all nitazenes under the Opium Act

This makes trade and possession punishable. It does not remove the substances from the market, but it gives investigation and enforcement a legal basis.

Course of 2025

Several people admitted to hospital

According to Drugsinfo, the public information site of the Trimbos Institute, several people ended up in hospital in 2025 after using medication bought online. The Health and Youth Care Inspectorate received reports of patients admitted to emergency departments with severe poisoning.

There are also reports of nitazene poisonings at DIMS, the Poisons Information Centre and the NFI. A complete overview is lacking, partly because nitazenes are hard to detect at the extremely low doses at which they are already dangerous.

29 November 2025

The NFI counts six deaths and four severe poisonings

Since late 2024 the Netherlands Forensic Institute has investigated six deaths and four severe poisonings linked to a nitazene. In the words of NFI toxicologist Kristof Maudens: "In almost all cases the nitazene was found in counterfeit oxycodone tablets." The NFI notes this is a lower bound: it has no view of toxicological testing done elsewhere, so the real numbers may be higher.

13 December 2025

Journalistic survey finds more

A survey by Dutch public broadcaster NOS along the Poisons Information Centre, Trimbos, the NFI and hospitals able to test for these substances found further suspected deaths. According to Erasmus MC these figures are most likely still an underestimate.

8 April 2026

Trimbos confirms: warning still relevant

On the public information site Drugsinfo.nl the warning is explicitly reconfirmed. So this is not a closed incident from 2025: the risk of counterfeit oxycodone containing nitazenes still stands today.

Note: the December figure comes from a journalistic survey across several organisations, not a single official count with one reference date. We mention it as context, not as a hard number.

The substances

What has been found in counterfeit oxycodone

These are not impurities or weaker variants. They are different substances, with a completely different risk profile from what the pill claims to be.

IsotonitazepyneFound by the NFI in the pills present at the March 2025 death. A nitazene, far more potent than oxycodone, fentanyl or morphine.
ProtonitazeneFound earlier by DIMS in another counterfeit oxycodone pill, also bought online. Same group of substances, same risk.

Two things make nitazenes especially dangerous

They are far more potent. A few milligrams can already cause serious breathing problems, which can be fatal.

They last longer than naloxone. Naloxone temporarily reverses the effect but wears off before the nitazene does. Someone who has come round can relapse afterwards. The Dutch Poisons Information Centre therefore advises doctors to use higher or repeated doses and longer observation.

According to the EU drugs agency, seven new nitazenes were reported in 2024; in total 25 are on the European monitoring list and they have been found in at least 21 EU countries.

What to do

Three situations, three answers

Someone has become unwell

Call 112, say it involves synthetic opioid painkillers and ask for naloxone. That is literally what Trimbos advises. Stay with the person, even if they seem to come round: nitazenes last longer than naloxone.

Recognising an overdose →

Do not take them

There is no way to establish at home what is in them. Tell your GP you bought medication online; that is a medical question, not a confession. If you are afraid of withdrawal, say so.

About tapering off →

Follow the official channels

The DIMS Red Alert app gives current warnings about dangerous batches. This page is updated periodically but does not replace those channels.

Go to Red Alert (DIMS) →
Why this keeps happening

A Red Alert does not fix the cause

Counterfeit is more profitable than the real thing. Real oxycodone has to leak from the legal supply chain and is therefore scarce. A pressed pill containing a cheap synthetic opioid costs a fraction and sells for the same price.

On top of that, oxycodone acts slowly. The buyer only notices hours later that something is wrong, and by then contact has been broken. Counterfeiting is rarely punished here, which makes it more attractive than with almost any other product.

How that market works →

Frequently asked questions

What people ask about this

What is a Red Alert?

A Red Alert is the most serious warning issued by the Drugs Information and Monitoring System (DIMS), part of the Trimbos Institute. It is issued when a batch in circulation carries an acute risk to life. It is a national warning to users, not a police notice.

Is this warning still current, or is it old news from 2025?

Current. The acute Red Alert dates from March 2025, but the Trimbos Institute has repeatedly reconfirmed the warning since. The most recent confirmation on Drugsinfo.nl is dated 8 April 2026 and states literally that the warning is still relevant.

How many victims have there been?

By late November 2025 the Netherlands Forensic Institute had investigated six deaths and four severe poisonings linked to a nitazene, in almost all cases via counterfeit oxycodone. The NFI states this is a lower bound, as it has no view of testing done elsewhere.

What exactly was found in those counterfeit pills?

The pills found at the March 2025 death contained isotonitazepyne, a nitazene. There was no oxycodone in them. DIMS had earlier found protonitazene in another counterfeit oxycodone pill also bought online. So this is not contamination but an entirely different substance.

Where can I follow current warnings?

Through the DIMS Red Alert app and the news page of the Trimbos Institute. Those carry the current warnings about risky batches and new substances. This page is updated periodically but is not a replacement for the official channels.

Are nitazenes now banned?

Yes. In September 2025 the Dutch government decided to place all nitazenes under the Opium Act. That makes trade and possession punishable, but it does not remove the substances from the market.

Do you use yourself, or are you worried about someone?

The help page lists the organisations reachable today, including anonymous options, and what you can say if you don't know how to start.

Sources for this page

  1. Trimbos Institute, Red Alert 18 March 2025: counterfeit oxycodone tablets containing isotonitazepyne, NFI analysis.
  2. Trimbos Institute, update 7 May 2025: nitazenes still found in counterfeit pills.
  3. Dutch Poisons Information Centre (NVIC): treatment advice, naloxone and observation time.
  4. Trimbos on the European Drug Report 2025: numbers of nitazenes on the EUDA monitoring list.
  5. Trimbos Institute: reports to DIMS, NVIC and the NFI, and risk scenarios.
  6. Trimbos Institute: government decision of September 2025 to place nitazenes under the Opium Act.
  7. Drugsinfo.nl (Trimbos): reconfirmation of the warning on 8 April 2026, and reports of hospital admissions in 2025.
  8. Jellinek: what isotonitazepyne is and why it is so potent.
  9. NOS, 29 November 2025: NFI figures on six deaths and four severe poisonings.
  10. NOS, 13 December 2025: journalistic survey along NVIC, Trimbos, the NFI and hospitals.
  11. Red Alert (DIMS): current warnings.

This page summarises official warnings and is not an official warning channel itself. For current alerts: Red Alert (DIMS) and the Trimbos Institute. Last checked: 23 July 2026.